vineri, 9 ianuarie 2009

Black metal este un gen muzical care a aparut în perioada de început a anilor 1980, precedând marea expansiune a stilurilor de metal “extrem”. Black metal-ul a evoluat din thrash metal, la fel ca si genul death metal, cu care se înrudeste.

Exista doua perspective asupra acestui gen muzical. Una are în vedere black metal-ul ca o forma foarte specifica de muzica si care trebuie sa abordeze un anumit stil pentru a face parte din acest gen. Cealalta considera ca versurile si ideologia filozofica, politica si religioasa a muzicii au o mai mare importanta în definirea genului decât stilul.

Principalii fondatori ai black metal-ului sunt considerati Venom (care erau o trupa de thrash metal, însa au definit conceptual genul prin lansarea albumului Black Metal în 1982), Mercyful Fate, Bathory, Hellhammer, Bulldozer, Celtic Frost si Mayhem. Primele albume care sunau a ceea ce este astazi considerat black metal au fost înregistrarile Bathory de la mijlocul anilor 1980 (în special Under the Sign of the Black Mark).

Black metal a evoluat în forma actuala (cunoscuta ca al doilea val black metal, care este mult mai puternic ancorat în teoria muzicala clasica) sub influenta trupelor norvegiene ca Darkthrone, Enslaved, Burzum, Mayhem, Immortal, si Emperor, care au început în stilul clasic, primar, introducând apoi anumite elemente din metalul mainstream si muzica clasica, astfel popularizând tot mai mult genul în rândul unei audiente underground în continua crestere. Influenta acestora se remarca cel mai bine la nivelul imaginii satanice sau pagâne si al versurilor anticrestine sau cu tenta oculta.

In Romania scena black metalului este reprezentata de Negura Bunget, Argus Megere, Vokodlok, Ordinul Negru, Codru, Cursed Cemetary, Satanochio, etc.

Exista anumite trasaturi specifice genului black metal. Riffuri rapide, cu tremolo. Versuri care au de obicei teme oculte, satanice, pagâne, sau care denigreaza crestinismul ca religie. Aceasta nu e o caracteristica exclusiv black metal, asemenea teme întâlnindu-se si în death metal (Deicide, Immolation, Acheron) sau thrash metal (Slayer). Sunetul chitarei este fie subtire, fie gros, atingând rar zona medie. Productie intentionat de slaba calitate, ca o reactie la comercialitatea muzicii mainstream sau alteori ca o reflexie atmosferica a starii de spirit. Acest efect se obtine taind frecventele înalte sau joase, lasându-le doar pe cele medii. Foarte putini dintre pionierii black metal mai fac acest lucru, deoarece slaba calitate a primelor albume era cauzata în mare parte de bugetul restrâns. Tobe rapide, agresive, deseori se foloseste tehnica blast beat. Câteodata rolul lor este minimalizat, încetinirea acestora contribuind la obtinerea unui sunet uscat, pustiu, de efect în special în ceea ce priveste atmosfera muzicala. Folosirea ocazionala a claviaturii electronice si a harpei, viorii, orgii sau ansamblurilor corale, care confera muzicii o senzatie orchestrala. Formatiile care folosesc aceste tehnici sunt etichetate de regula ca apartinând de black metal melodic. Voce înalta, distorsionata, tipând sumbru. Se foloseste uneori si vocea groasa, joasa, specifica stilului death metal. Atmosfera rece, întunecata, melancolica sau tulbure.

Înregistrarea de joasa fidelitate e specifica în mare parte din black metal. Evolutia unora dintre vechile formatii de black metal, adevarati lideri ai genului, a adus o mare schimbare în sunetul acestora, ajungând chiar sa nu mai fie catalogati în genul care i-a consacrat. Un exemplu ar fi Mayhem, formatie a carei cariera e înradacinata într-un black metal influentat de death metal, continuând cu un black curat, în final revenind la death metal. De asemenea, Satyricon a debutat ca o trupa de black metal, însa la momentul de fata cânta un hibrid de muzica industriala. Noile trupe incorporeaza în sunetul clasic elemente atmosferice, date de chitara ambientala, pasaje de clape, orga, precum si alte instrumente.

O alta trasatura specifica este folosirea de machiaj tip corpse paint, un machiaj alb-negru, care face purtatorul sa semene cu un cadavru în descompunere sau cu o victima a ciumei, membrii formatiei Immortal se refereau la machiajul lor ca vopsire a fetei în culori de razboi.

O alta caracteristica a black metal-ului este utilizarea pseudonimelor, primele formatii care au apelat la ele fiind :Venom (componenta initiala îi cuprindea pe Cronos, Mantas si Abbadon). Exemplele sunt numeroase: Quorthon (Bathory), Darken (Graveland), Euronymous (Mayhem), Goat, Count Grishnackh (Burzum), Fenriz (Darkthrone), Nergal, Inferno (Behemoth), Zephyrous (Darkthrone), Abbath, Demonaz, Horgh (Immortal), Iscariah, Hellhammer, Maniac, Necrobutcher, Blasphemer, Dead (Mayhem), Hoest, Ihsahn, Samoth, Faust, Trym (Emperor), Nattefrost (Carpathian Forest) si altii.

#

122 Stab Wounds
1349
3
731 Urkved
9th Circle

A

...Aaaarrghh...
Aaskereia
Abaroth
Abathur
Abazagorath
Abdunor
Abgott
Abhor
Abhorer
Abhorre
Abiathar
Abigail
Abigor
Abime
Ablepsia
Abolish
Abominator
Abomino Aetas
Aborym
Abraas
Abrasax
Abruptum
Absentia Lunae
Absent Silence
Abske Fides
Absu
Absyde
Abused Majesty
Abusiveness
Abusus
Abysmal
Abysmal Gates
Abyssaria
Abyssos
Abyssum
Acceptus Noctifer
Accubitorium
Acheron
Achiral
Acrimonious
Adhur
Ad Inferna
Ad Inferos
Ad Noctum (Denmark)
Ad Noctum (Poland)
Adokhsiny
Adonais
Adorarum Lunae
Adorior
Adultery
Adumus
Adversam
Advocatus Diaboli
Adytum
Aeba
Aegir (Germany)
Aegir (Sweden)
Aeon
Aes Dana
Aesthenia
Aetherius Obscuritas
Afgunst
A Forest
Afterdeath
Agailiarept
Agares
Agarthi
Agathion
Agathodaimon
Agatus
Agaures
Agmen
Agorazheim
Agratz
A Gruesome Find
Agrypnie
Aguynguerran
Ahnenstahl
Ahriman
A.I.D.S.
Aifur
Aisling
Aiumeen Basoa
Aivarim
Ajattara
Akerbeltz (Brazil)
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Akercocke
Akhenaton
Akihma
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Alastor Sanguinary Embryo
Alcest
Alcoholic Smashing War
Algaion
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Algor
Alienchrist
Allegiance
Allfader
Allfather
Allvaters Zorn
Alocer
Alsvarth
Alsvartr
Alverg
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Amazarak
Ambiguitas
Amduscias
Amen Corner
Amesoeurs
Amestigon
Amethyst
Amnion
Amok Vedar
Amon
Amon Sul
Amorak
Amsvartner
Amystery
AN
Anaal Nathrakh
Anael
Anaon
Anarazel
Anaxagazaroth
Ancalagon
Ancestral Fog
Ancestral Majesty
Ancestral Myth
Ancêtres
Ancient
Ancientblood
Ancient Ceremony
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Ancient Wargod
Ancient Wisdom
Andhrimnir
...And Oceans
Andras
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Angrboda
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Annihilatus
Ansur
Antaeus
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Anthropolatri
Anti
Anti-Christian Assault
Antikriist
Anu
Anubi
Anubis
Anwech
Anwyl
Aphasia
Aphoom Zhah
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Apokrypha
Apolion's Genocide
Apollyon
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Apostasia
Apotheosis
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Ares
Ares Wrath
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Ascendancy
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Asgaroth
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Ashen Light
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Ashmolean
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As Sahar
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As Stormclouds Gather
Astaarth
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Astriaal
Astrum Aurora
Asvaran
Asyndess
Atanatos
Atenoux
Ater Tenebrae
Athanor
Athothep
Atman
Atopie
Atras Cineris
Atritas
Atroxaeon
Augrimmer
Aura Noir
Autumnal Reaper
Autumn Verses
Avatar
Avenger
Avernum
Averse Sefira
Ave Sathanas
Avsked
Avsky
Avzhia
Axamenta
Axiom
Axis Of Advance
Axt
Ayahuaira
Azael
Azaghal
Azag-Thoth
Azahel's Fortress
Azamoth
Azaroth
Azaxul
Azazel (Finland)
Azazel (Israel)
Azerlath
Azeroth
Azhubham Haani
Azmodan
Azrael
Azterion
Azure

B

Baalberith (Australia)
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Bahimiron
Bakbakwalanooksiwae
Bak De Syv Fjell
Balaam
Balder
Balothron
Balrog
Bal-Sagoth
Baltak
Bane And Illusion
Baphomet's Throne
Baptism
Barastir
Barathrum
Barbarian Prophecies
Barbaros
Bardfaust
Baresark
Bartholomeus Night
Barzakh
Basarab
Basilisk
Battlehorns
Battlelust
Bauopfer
Bazzah
Bealiah
Beastcraft
Beatrik
Becksvart
Beelzebul
Behalf Fiend
Behead Christ
Beheaded Lamb
Behemoth
Beherit
Behexen
Belathuzur
Belef
Belenos
Beleth
Belfegor
Belial
Belinus
Belketre
Belmez
Belphegor
Belphegoth
Belsemar
Beltane (New Zealand)
Beltane (Sweden)
Beltez (The True)
Belzabet
Belzebu
Belzebul
Belzec
Benighted (Sweden)
Benighted (USA)
Benighted Leams
Be Persecuted
Bergraven
Bergthron
Berith
Berserk
Berserkers Forest
Berzabum
Berzano
Besatt
Bestia
Bestial Holocaust
Bestial Raids
Bestial Summoning
Bestial Warlust
Bethel
Bethlehem
Bethor (Greece)
Bethor (Serbia)
Bethzaida
Between The Frost
Bewitched (Chile)
Beyond The Ninth Wave
Biastema
Birkabein
Bishop Of Hexen
Black Altar
Black Angel
Black Autumn
Black Bile
Black Blood
Black Candle
Black Circle
Black Crucifixion
Blackdeath
Black Death Ritual
Black Dementia
Black Empire
Blackest Ruin
Black Faith
Black Flame
Black Frost
Black Funebre
Black Funeral
Black Goat
Blackgod
Black Horizons
Blackhorned
Black Howling
Black Jade
Blacklodge
Blackmass
Black Mass
Black Messiah
Black Murder
Black Omen
Black Pentecost
Black Plague
Black Rain
Black Realm
Black Rites
Black Seas Of Infinity
Blackstorm
Black Swan
Black Tear
Black Terror
BlackthrU
Black Torment (Mexico)
Black Torment (USA)
Black Trinity
Blackwind
Blackwinds
Black Winter
Black Witchcraft
Black Witchery
Black Wood
Blasfemia
Blasphemous (Poland)
Blasphemous (Sweden)
Blasphemous Evil
Blasphemy
Blazemth
Bleak Forest
Bleeding Black
Blinded By Faith
Blizzard Winter
Blodarv
Blodsrit
Blodulv
Bloodfeast
Bloodhammer
Bloodline
Bloodlord
Bloodmoon
Bloodoline
Blood Quest
BloodRose
Bloodshed
Bloodshed Divine
Bloodsoffer
Blood Stained Dusk
Blood Storm
Blood Streams
Bloodthirst
Bloodthorn
Bloodthrone
Bloodtide XV
Blood Vengeance
Bloodwritten
Bloody Axes
Bloody Blasphemy
Bloody Harvest
Bloody Passion
Bloody Victim
Blot Mine
Blut aus Nord
Bluteszorn
Blutmond
Bluttaufe
Blutvergiftung
Bolthorn
Bölvaettur
Borgne
Borknagar
Bornholm
Botulistum
Bran Barr
Breath Of Sorrow
Breizh Occult
Brenoritvrezorkre
Briargh
Brisen
Brocken Moon
Buio Omega
Bundeswehra
Burial Hordes
Burialmound
Burial Shades
Burning Darkness
Burning Moon
Burning Winds
Burzum
Bustum Niger
By Dawn Cursed
By Disgrace Of God

B

Baalberith (Australia)
Baalberith (Norway)
Bael (Bolivia)
Bael (France)
Bahimiron
Bakbakwalanooksiwae
Bak De Syv Fjell
Balaam
Balder
Balothron
Balrog
Bal-Sagoth
Baltak
Bane And Illusion
Baphomet's Throne
Baptism
Barastir
Barathrum
Barbarian Prophecies
Barbaros
Bardfaust
Baresark
Bartholomeus Night
Barzakh
Basarab
Basilisk
Battlehorns
Battlelust
Bauopfer
Bazzah
Bealiah
Beastcraft
Beatrik
Becksvart
Beelzebul
Behalf Fiend
Behead Christ
Beheaded Lamb
Behemoth
Beherit
Behexen
Belathuzur
Belef
Belenos
Beleth
Belfegor
Belial
Belinus
Belketre
Belmez
Belphegor
Belphegoth
Belsemar
Beltane (New Zealand)
Beltane (Sweden)
Beltez (The True)
Belzabet
Belzebu
Belzebul
Belzec
Benighted (Sweden)
Benighted (USA)
Benighted Leams
Be Persecuted
Bergraven
Bergthron
Berith
Berserk
Berserkers Forest
Berzabum
Berzano
Besatt
Bestia
Bestial Holocaust
Bestial Raids
Bestial Summoning
Bestial Warlust
Bethel
Bethlehem
Bethor (Greece)
Bethor (Serbia)
Bethzaida
Between The Frost
Bewitched (Chile)
Beyond The Ninth Wave
Biastema
Birkabein
Bishop Of Hexen
Black Altar
Black Angel
Black Autumn
Black Bile
Black Blood
Black Candle
Black Circle
Black Crucifixion
Blackdeath
Black Death Ritual
Black Dementia
Black Empire
Blackest Ruin
Black Faith
Black Flame
Black Frost
Black Funebre
Black Funeral
Black Goat
Blackgod
Black Horizons
Blackhorned
Black Howling
Black Jade
Blacklodge
Blackmass
Black Mass
Black Messiah
Black Murder
Black Omen
Black Pentecost
Black Plague
Black Rain
Black Realm
Black Rites
Black Seas Of Infinity
Blackstorm
Black Swan
Black Tear
Black Terror
BlackthrU
Black Torment (Mexico)
Black Torment (USA)
Black Trinity
Blackwind
Blackwinds
Black Winter
Black Witchcraft
Black Witchery
Black Wood
Blasfemia
Blasphemous (Poland)
Blasphemous (Sweden)
Blasphemous Evil
Blasphemy
Blazemth
Bleak Forest
Bleeding Black
Blinded By Faith
Blizzard Winter
Blodarv
Blodsrit
Blodulv
Bloodfeast
Bloodhammer
Bloodline
Bloodlord
Bloodmoon
Bloodoline
Blood Quest
BloodRose
Bloodshed
Bloodshed Divine
Bloodsoffer
Blood Stained Dusk
Blood Storm
Blood Streams
Bloodthirst
Bloodthorn
Bloodthrone
Bloodtide XV
Blood Vengeance
Bloodwritten
Bloody Axes
Bloody Blasphemy
Bloody Harvest
Bloody Passion
Bloody Victim
Blot Mine
Blut aus Nord
Bluteszorn
Blutmond
Bluttaufe
Blutvergiftung
Bolthorn
Bölvaettur
Borgne
Borknagar
Bornholm
Botulistum
Bran Barr
Breath Of Sorrow
Breizh Occult
Brenoritvrezorkre
Briargh
Brisen
Brocken Moon
Buio Omega
Bundeswehra
Burial Hordes
Burialmound
Burial Shades
Burning Darkness
Burning Moon
Burning Winds
Burzum
Bustum Niger
By Dawn Cursed
By Disgrace Of God

C

Cacodaemon
Cadaver
Caedes
Caer Gwydion
Calvarium
Candle Serenade
Canis Lupus
Cantus Bestiae
Cantus Infame
Capitis Damnare
Capra Hircus
Carbon
Carcharoth (Hungary)
Carcharoth (Spain)
Carnaticum
Carpathian Forest
Carpatus
Carpe Noctem
Carpe Tenebrum
Carpticon
Carthaun
Castrum
Casus Belli
Catacomb
Catamenia
Catenatam Lucem
Cathedral Canceria
Catholicon
Cauldron
Cauldron Black Ram
Cedamus
Celebratum
Celestia
Celestial Bloodshed
Celestial Decay
Celtic Blood
Celticmoon
Centuries Of Deception
Cerberus
Ceremonial Embrace
Cernunnos
Chant Of Blasphemy
Chaosdaemon
Chaos Omen
Chapel Of Lucifer
Chemosh
Cherusker
Children Of Mäani
Choronzonic
Christ Agony
Christblood
Christ Inversion
Circle Of Obscurity
Cirith Gorgor
Cities Of Sleep
Clair Obscur
Clandestine Blaze
Cobalt
Code
Coldblooded
Cold Moon
Coldness
Cold Void
ColdWorld
Conqueror
Conspiracy
Contagion Black
Contamino
ContraProica
Çophnath Paneah
Cornigr
Corpus Christii
Count De Nocte
Countess
Count Nosferatu Kommando
Covenant/The Kovenant
Covens
Cradle Of Filth
Craft
Cranial Dust
Creature (Belgium)
Creature (Germany)
Crebain
Creeping
Crepusculum
Crescendo Of Pain
Crest Of Darkness
Crimson Midwinter
Crimson Moon
Crionics
Cross Sodomy
Cruciatus
Crucifire Moon
Crucifixion
Crudus
Cruel
Cruelty Divine
Cruentus
Cruor Cultum
Cryfemal
Cryogenic
Crypthowl
Cryptic Carnage
Cryptic Lorn
Cryptic Winds
Cryptic Wintermoon
Cryptonomicon
Crystal Abyss
Crystalium
CrystalMoors
Ctanic
Cult Of Daath
Curse
Cursed
Cursed Within
Cyhiriaeth
Cythraul (1)
Cythraul (2)

D

Daedalion
Daemonarch
Daemonheim
Daemonium
Daemonlord
Daemons Embrace
Daemusinem
Dagor
Daimon
Dakria
Dalmerot's Kingdom
Daminor
Dammerung
Damnation
Damnatory
Dantalion
Dark Ages
Dark Armageddon
Dark Army
Dark Assassins
Dark Celebration
Darkcrowned
Dark Domination
Dark Dominion
Dark Embrace
Darkendome
Darkened Nocturn Slaughtercult
Darkest Grove
Darkest Hate Warfront
Darkestrah
Dark Faith
Dark Field
Dark Forest (Brazil)
Dark Forest (Mexico)
Dark Fortress
Dark Funeral
Dark Inversion
Dark Legion
Darklord
Dark Martyr
Dark Messiah
Dark Monarchy
Darkmoon
Darkness
Darkness Ravening
Dark Opus
Dark Paramount
Dark Shades
Dark Shadow
Darkshine (France)
Darkshine (Italy)
Darkside Chapel
Darkspace
Dark Storm
Darkthrone
Dark Tribe
Darkwoods My Betrothed
Darvulia
Dauthslahk
Dawn
Dawnfall
Dawn Of Azazel
Dawn Of Division
Dead And Forgotten
Dead Of Winter
Dead Shell Of Universe
Dead To Earth
Deathchurch
Deathcode Of The Abyss
Deathcult (Germany)
Deathcult (Norway)
Death Dies
Deathspell
Deathspell Omega
Debauchery
Decayed
December Fog
December Moon
December Wolves
Decrepit Cauldron
Defacer
Defunctorium
Deiception
Deiphago
Dejkhim
Delinquentes Infernae
Demonar
Demon Child
Demoncy
Demoniac
Demonic
Demonic Chorals
Demonic Christ
Demonisk Skymning
Demonium
Demon Realm
Demon Sword
Demontuary
Demoriel
Denial Of God
Deofel
De Profvndis Clamavi
Der Gerwelt
Desaster
Desastrious
Desdominus
Desolation Hymn
Destinity
Deströyer 666
Det Hedenske Folk
Dethroned
Detonator 666
Deviant
Devilhorn
Devilish Era
Deviser
Devotee
Devotus Regnum
Dhaubgurz
Diaboli
Diabolical
Diabolical Breed
Diabolical Masquerade
Diabolicum
Diabolikös
Diachronia
Diamatregon
Diaokhi
Diapsiquir
Diatribe
Die Pest
Dies Ater
Dies Irae
Die Toten kehren wieder mit dem Wind
Dimensional Psychosis
Dimentum
Dimhymn
Dimmu Borgir
Dim Nagel
Disflesh
Disguise
Disharmony (Greece)
Disharmony (USA)
Disjecta
Dismal
Dismal Gale (Brazil)
Dismal Gale (El Salvador)
Dismal Kingdom
Dismhal
Dissection
Dissimulation
Dissociation
D.N.R.
Dodecameron
Dödfödd
Dødheimsgard
Dolcinian
Dom Dracul
Domini Inferi
Domini Nostre
Doominhated
Dornenreich
Dorotha
Draagnacht
Draconis
Draconis Sanguis
Dragobrath
Dragonlord
Drangsalymir
Drastus
Draugar
Draugnim
Draugsang
Drautran
Dreamscapes Of The Perverse
Drephjard
Drightheim
Drohm
Dronckaerdt
Dry
Dryados
Duaël
Duisternis
Dungeon
Dunkel (Denmark)
Dunkel (Greece)
Dunkelgrafen
Dunkelheit (Germany)
Dunkelheit (Poland)
Dunkel Nacht
Dusk
Dusken
Dust
Dvergir
Dweorgesblod
Dying Fullmoon
Dzlarv